During my early studies in mathematics,statistics and computer science in Helsinki, I understood that besides interesting theoretical approaches, my need to make world better requires clear applications.
Fortunately, I found holistic ways to study biology during my studies at the
University of Chicago and University of Oregon.

I have spent most of my career in Turku, first as an ecologist and later as a geneticist. I
have been lucky enough to find some time for research while teaching genetics,
ecology and evolution. Especially studies that aim at mitigating anthropogenic evolutionary
effects in living systems like sustainable agriculture, potential risks of
biotechnology or climate change in northern forests are rewarding.

Statistical methods and their application to various biological systems has been an important part of my research beginning from early epidemiological studies on. Trophic interactions especially between birches
and their predator systems have been going on in Kevo and during my Academy of Finland project (50452) “Trophic-level and life-history consequences of transgenic resistance in plants”.

Together with Luke (PI Irma Kallio-Nyberg), I have studied effects of increasing temperatures, intensive fishing and hatchery rearing on life-history traits of salmonid fishes (salmon, trout and whitefish) in the Baltic Sea area.

Long-term co-operation with Kari Saikkonen and Marjo Helander on grasses and their endophytes together with other microbial interactions has been very productive. Especially chances for agricultural applications have been exciting.

Presently I have two main projects. One of them is participating in the glyphosate project of Marjo Helander as the PI. Proper experiments on several model organisms and crops are timely with the general,
and often loose, discussion on possible risks of glyphosate.

As the main present task, I am analyzing and documenting long-term data on adult trees that are growing in planned common garden settings (MRP, tree line gardens) in five locations in Kevo, Inari, Kittilä and Ruissalo. The trees in the gardens originate from single open-pollinated northern individuals. Combining old measurements on young trees and herbarium samples of them with present molecular methods and quantitative genetic analyses are likely to give valuable data on birch evolution and traits relevant for adapting to changing climate in subarctic areas.