A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Effect of Particle Size and Surface Chemistry of Photon-Upconversion Nanoparticles on Analog and Digital Immunoassays for Cardiac Troponin
Authors: Brandmeier Julian C., Raiko Kirsti, Farka Zdeněk, Peltomaa Riikka, Mickert Matthias J., Hlaváček Antonín, Skládal Petr, Soukka Tero, Gorris Hans H.
Publisher: WILEY
Publication year: 2021
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials
Journal name in source: ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
Journal acronym: ADV HEALTHC MATER
Article number: ARTN 2100506
Number of pages: 9
ISSN: 2192-2640
eISSN: 2192-2659
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100506
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/66504679
Sensitive immunoassays are required for troponin, a low-abundance cardiac biomarker in blood. In contrast to conventional (analog) assays that measure the integrated signal of thousands of molecules, digital assays are based on counting individual biomarker molecules. Photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) are an excellent nanomaterial for labeling and detecting single biomarker molecules because their unique anti-Stokes emission avoids optical interference, and single nanoparticles can be reliably distinguished from the background signal. Here, the effect of the surface architecture and size of UCNP labels on the performance of upconversion-linked immunosorbent assays (ULISA) is critically assessed. The size, brightness, and surface architecture of UCNP labels are more important for measuring low troponin concentrations in human plasma than changing from an analog to a digital detection mode. Both detection modes result approximately in the same assay sensitivity, reaching a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 pg mL(-1) in plasma, which is in the range of troponin concentrations found in the blood of healthy individuals.
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