A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Aging-aware fleet management for electric vehicle routing problem




AuthorsMohammadi, Hadis; Immonen, Eero; Heydarzadeh, Mohsen; Plosila, Juha; Haghbayan, Hashem

PublisherPergamon Press

Publication year2026

Journal: Computers and Industrial Engineering

Article number112026

Volume217

ISSN0360-8352

eISSN1879-0550

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.112026

Publication's open availability at the time of reportingOpen Access

Publication channel's open availability Partially Open Access publication channel

Web address https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.112026

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/523359090

Self-archived copy's licenceCC BY

Self-archived copy's versionPublisher`s PDF


Abstract

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) is a key optimization challenge in autonomous and electric transportation. Unlike traditional routing, EVRP must consider battery constraints such as limited capacity and charging needs. Although routing methods have advanced, the integration of battery aging using realistic models remains underdeveloped. Addressing these dynamics is essential for improving long-term fleet efficiency. In this paper, we present a real-time, reconfigurable battery model that captures aging effects by updating key internal parameters based on the battery’s current State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH). Using this model, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem and develop a genetic algorithm that balances energy efficiency, battery lifespan, and quality of service. Results show that incorporating aging-aware battery dynamics significantly extends battery life and reduces operational costs.The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) is a key optimization challenge in autonomous and electric transportation. Unlike traditional routing, EVRP must consider battery constraints such as limited capacity and charging needs. Although routing methods have advanced, the integration of battery aging using realistic models remains underdeveloped. Addressing these dynamics is essential for improving long-term fleet efficiency. In this paper, we present a real-time, reconfigurable battery model that captures aging effects by updating key internal parameters based on the battery’s current State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH). Using this model, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem and develop a genetic algorithm that balances energy efficiency, battery lifespan, and quality of service. Results show that incorporating aging-aware battery dynamics significantly extends battery life and reduces operational costs.


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Funding information in the publication
This work was supported by funding from the VIREO project, with funders including the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Bamomas, and Valmet Automotive , whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged.


Last updated on 15/05/2026 12:18:47 PM