A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Student teachers' and experienced teachers’ situation awareness and professional vision in real-life classrooms
Authors: Pouta, Maikki; Lehtinen, Erno; Palonen, Tuire
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Publication year: 2026
Journal: Teaching and Teacher Education
Article number: 105428
Volume: 175
ISSN: 0742-051X
eISSN: 1879-2480
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2026.105428
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Partially Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2026.105428
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/515904974
Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY
Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF
We developed the integrated model of teacher's attention to examine teachers' a) situation awareness of the overall classroom and b) professional vision of individual pupils. Using mobile eye tracking in real classrooms, we analyzed teachers' eye movements using a novel metric, the Gaze Relational Index. The findings indicated that situation awareness involves shorter and more frequent gazes, while professional vision requires fewer but longer gazes. Experienced teachers showed faster and more varying visual attention compared to student teachers. This study provides valuable insights into visual processing in real-life classrooms, addressing the gap left by previous studies.
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Funding information in the publication:
This study was financially supported by the Turku University Foundation (080998) and The Finnish Cultural Foundation (85222232) , which were awarded to the first author and by the project funding P-EDU-23-7of the Research Council of Lithuania to the third author.
