A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Experimental Warming Does Not Change Fluctuating Asymmetry in Three Willow Species
Authors: Gavrikov, Dmitry E.; Zverev, Vitali; Kozlov, Mikhail V.
Publisher: Wiley
Publication year: 2025
Journal: Ecology and Evolution
Article number: e72574
Volume: 15
Issue: 12
eISSN: 2045-7758
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72574
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72574
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/505834732
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is often proposed as an early warning indicator of subtle changes in plant functioning. Here, we tested whether leaf FA responds consistently to the alleviation of cold stress in three boreal willow species—Salix caprea, S. myrsinifolia and S. phylicifolia. We enclosed 10 naturally growing individuals of each species in open-top chambers at budburst and compared their leaf traits to those of unenclosed control plants after leaf development had ceased. All measurements were conducted blind to treatment. Willows in open-top chambers showed a 9% increase in specific leaf area, indicating that the 1°C–2°C warming within chambers affected leaf development. However, neither leaf length nor FA responded significantly to the warming treatment. FA also did not differ among species or individual plants, suggesting that it may reflect statistical noise rather than a reliable biological signal in this context. These findings add to growing concerns that many reported FA responses to environmental change may result from confirmation bias—an issue that can be mitigated by adopting blind measurement protocols.
Downloadable publication This is an electronic reprint of the original article. |
Funding information in the publication:
Suomen Akatemia. Grant Number: 362731
Maj ja Tor Nesslingin Säätiö
Open access publishing facilitated by Turun yliopisto, as part of the Wiley - FinELib agreement.