A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Experimental Warming Does Not Change Fluctuating Asymmetry in Three Willow Species




AuthorsGavrikov, Dmitry E.; Zverev, Vitali; Kozlov, Mikhail V.

PublisherWiley

Publication year2025

Journal: Ecology and Evolution

Article numbere72574

Volume15

Issue12

eISSN2045-7758

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72574

Publication's open availability at the time of reportingOpen Access

Publication channel's open availability Open Access publication channel

Web address https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72574

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/505834732


Abstract

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is often proposed as an early warning indicator of subtle changes in plant functioning. Here, we tested whether leaf FA responds consistently to the alleviation of cold stress in three boreal willow species—Salix capreaS. myrsinifolia and S. phylicifolia. We enclosed 10 naturally growing individuals of each species in open-top chambers at budburst and compared their leaf traits to those of unenclosed control plants after leaf development had ceased. All measurements were conducted blind to treatment. Willows in open-top chambers showed a 9% increase in specific leaf area, indicating that the 1°C–2°C warming within chambers affected leaf development. However, neither leaf length nor FA responded significantly to the warming treatment. FA also did not differ among species or individual plants, suggesting that it may reflect statistical noise rather than a reliable biological signal in this context. These findings add to growing concerns that many reported FA responses to environmental change may result from confirmation bias—an issue that can be mitigated by adopting blind measurement protocols.


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Funding information in the publication
Suomen Akatemia. Grant Number: 362731
Maj ja Tor Nesslingin Säätiö
Open access publishing facilitated by Turun yliopisto, as part of the Wiley - FinELib agreement.


Last updated on 09/12/2025 08:33:53 AM