A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä lehdessä
Light Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Findings from the NHIS Cohort Study
Tekijät: Qin W, Magnussen CG, Li SX, Steffen LM, Xi B, Zhao M
Kustantaja: MDPI
Julkaisuvuosi: 2020
Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimi: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Lehden akronyymi: INT J ENV RES PUB HE
Artikkelin numero: ARTN 5122
Vuosikerta: 17
Numero: 14
Sivujen määrä: 10
eISSN: 1660-4601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145122
Verkko-osoite: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145122
Rinnakkaistallenteen osoite: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/49464611
Very few studies have examined the association between light cigarette smoking (i.e., <= 5 cigarettes per day) and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the association of light cigarette smoking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults in the United States. Data were from 13 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (1997 to 2009) that were linked to the National Death Index records through December 31, 2011. A total of 329,035 participants aged >= 18 years in the United States were included. Deaths were from all cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory disease and were confirmed by death certification. During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 34,862 participants died, of which 8415 were from cancer, 9031 from CVD, and 2040 from respiratory disease. Compared with never-smokers, participants who smoked 1-2 (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.73-2.16) and 3-5 cigarettes (HR = 1.99, 1.83-2.17) per day were at higher risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for demographic variables, lifestyle factors and physician-diagnosis of chronic disease. The associations were stronger for respiratory disease-specific mortality, followed by cancer-specific mortality and CVD-specific mortality. For example, the HRs (95% CIs) of smoking 1-2 cigarettes per day were 9.75 (6.15-15.46), 2.28 (1.84-2.84) and 1.93 (1.58-2.36), respectively, for these three cause-specific mortalities. This study indicates that light cigarette smoking increases risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults.
Ladattava julkaisu This is an electronic reprint of the original article. |  |
