A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Multifunctional nanocellulose hybrid films: From packaging to photovoltaics
Authors: Valdez Garcia, Joaquin; Boding, Anna; Yang, Xuan; Nizamov, Rustem; Reid, Michael S.; Junel, Kristina; Miettunen, Kati; Abitbol, Tiffany; Kaschuk, Joice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Publication year: 2025
Journal: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Journal name in source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Article number: 139203
Volume: 292
ISSN: 0141-8130
eISSN: 1879-0003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139203
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139203
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/477755056
This study aimed to develop eco-friendly multifunctional nanocellulose (NC) hybrid films with tailored properties for versatile applications including packaging and photovoltaics. Hybrid films composed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were produced at various mass ratio (CNC - 100:0 to 0:100). Montmorillonite clay (MTM) was incorporated (50 % by mass) into the CNC:CNF films. CNC-only films easily dispersed in water, but by adding CNF or MTM, the structural integrity was enhanced. Films with ≥50 % CNF and MTM had a strength reduction of 9–35 % and increased brittleness. The hybrid films presented transmittance above 60 % and haze varying from 5 % to 60 % at 550 nm which can be a beneficial for light management. All films kept color stability over 1000 h of artificial sunlight, a critical packaging feature for long-term storage. CNC: CNF films without MTM showed better potential for optoelectronic applications due to higher transmittance and smoother surfaces, while those with MTM presented UV protection (up to 250 nm) and swelling resistance (28–53 %) which could also benefit optoelectronics increasing their lifespan. Balancing the hybrid films composition is key for optoelectronics, while packaging applications tolerate broader compositions. These findings demonstrate the versatility of NC hybrid films in creating sustainable materials for diverse applications.
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Funding information in the publication:
K.M., R.N. and J.V.G. thank the Academy of Finland (BioEST, project numbers 336577 and 336441). J.V.G. also thanks the University of Turku Graduate School UTUGS and Finnish Cultural Foundation for funding. T. A. acknowledges the Chair in Sustainable Materials at EPFL, co-funded by BASF, Logitech, Nestlé, and SIG, and funding from Formas for the “SUBSTAINABLE” project granted through the Tandem Forest Values program (Formas grant number 2019-02508).