Horizontal animation deformity as unusual complication of neurotoxin modulation of the gummy smile
: Gang Chen, Carlo M Oranges, Salvatore Giordano, Rulin Huang, Wenjin Wang
Publisher: Dermatology Online Journal
: 2019
: Dermatology Online Journal
: Dermatology Online Journal
: 25
: 8
: 1087-2108
: 1087-2108
: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/45543149
Injections of botulinum toxin type A represent the most common nonsurgical cosmetic treatment worldwide. The authors report a case of dynamic horizontal wrinkling in the upper lip that appeared after botulinum toxin type A injections to treat gummy smile associated with nasal alar base reduction, in a 28-year-old woman. The anatomic features and pathogenic mechanism underlying this unusual complication are analyzed and discussed.