B1 Non-refereed article in a scientific journal
Horizontal animation deformity as unusual complication of neurotoxin modulation of the gummy smile
Authors: Gang Chen, Carlo M Oranges, Salvatore Giordano, Rulin Huang, Wenjin Wang
Publisher: Dermatology Online Journal
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Dermatology Online Journal
Journal name in source: Dermatology Online Journal
Volume: 25
Issue: 8
ISSN: 1087-2108
eISSN: 1087-2108
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/45543149
Injections of botulinum toxin type A represent the most common nonsurgical cosmetic treatment worldwide. The authors report a case of dynamic horizontal wrinkling in the upper lip that appeared after botulinum toxin type A injections to treat gummy smile associated with nasal alar base reduction, in a 28-year-old woman. The anatomic features and pathogenic mechanism underlying this unusual complication are analyzed and discussed.
Downloadable publication This is an electronic reprint of the original article. |