A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Coulomb implosion of tetrabromothiophene observed under multiphoton ionization by free-electron-laser soft-x-ray pulses
Authors: Kukk E, Myllynen H, Nagaya K, Wada S, Bozek JD, Takanashi T, You D, Niozu A, Kooser K, Gaumnitz T, Pelimanni E, Berholts M, Granroth S, Yokono N, Fukuzawa H, Miron C, Ueda K
Publisher: AMER PHYSICAL SOC
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Physical Review A
Journal name in source: PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Journal acronym: PHYS REV A
Article number: ARTN 023411
Volume: 99
Issue: 2
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 2469-9926
eISSN: 2469-9934
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.023411
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/39853560
Soft-x-ray free-electron-laser pulses were used to create highly charged molecular tetrabromothiophene species by sequential multiphoton ionization from bromine 3d orbitals. The experiment was performed at the SACLA facility in Japan and the products of molecular dissociation were analyzed by means of multicoincidence momentum-resolved ion time-of-flight spectroscopy. Total charge states up to +13 atomic units were produced, creating a particular dissociation pattern for the carbon ions, a Coulomb implosion, due to the concerted forces by the surrounding heavy bromine ions. This behavior was explored both experimentally and by numerical molecular-dynamics simulations and the fingerprints of the Coulomb implosion were identified in both. In simulations, Coulomb implosion was predicted to be highly sensitive to the initial (thermal) motion of the atoms and, after including vibrational motion for several temperatures, good general agreement between the experiment and simulations was found. The agreement with the experiment was further improved by adding charge dynamics to the simulation, according to our point-charge dynamics model with empirical rate constants.
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