WFST Supernovae in the First Year. III. Systematical Study of the Photometric Behavior of Early-phase Core-collapse Supernovae - UTU Research Portal

A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

WFST Supernovae in the First Year. III. Systematical Study of the Photometric Behavior of Early-phase Core-collapse Supernovae;

Authors: Zhao, Junhan; Jiang, Ji-an; Xu, Zelin; Zhang, Yu-Hao; Fang, Qiliang; Liu, Liang-Duan; Zhu, Qingfeng; Yu, Yun-Wei; Maeda, Keiichi; Galbany, Lluís; Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo; Ivezić, Željko; Jha, Saurabh W.; Yoachim, Peter; Meng, Dezheng; Wu, Weiyu; Liu, Zhengyan; Connolly, Andrew J.; Dai, Zigao; Jia, Ziqing; Zhao, Wen; Fan, Lulu; Liang, Ming; Wang, Hairen; Wang, Jian; Zhang, Hongfei

Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing

Publication year: 2026

Journal: Astrophysical Journal

Article number: 137

Volume: 1004

Issue: 2

ISSN: 0004-637X

eISSN: 1538-4357

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae657e

Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access

Publication channel's open availability : Open Access publication channel

Web address : https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae657e

Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/533829315

Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY

Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF

Abstract

We investigate the multiband photometric properties of seven supernovae (SNe) showing double-peaked light-curve evolution and prominent shock-cooling emission, observed by the Wide Field Survey Telescope during its first year of operation. By jointly employing an analytic early shock-cooling model and the Arnett radioactive-diffusion model, we fit the bolometric light curves and infer ejecta masses in the range 1.1–2.6 M_⊙, consistent with a transitional population between ultrastripped SNe and normal stripped-envelope SNe. The envelope masses are estimated to be M_env = 0.1–0.4 M_⊙, while the progenitors are constrained to be yellow or blue supergiants with radii of R = 120–300 R_⊙. Using empirical relations, we estimate progenitor luminosities of L = 10^4.6–10^4.9 L_⊙, corresponding to zero-age main-sequence masses of 8–20 M_⊙. Theoretical models suggest that such progenitors are more naturally produced through binary evolution channels, as single-star evolutionary pathways are unable to yield ejecta masses this low.

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Funding information in the publication:
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. XDB0550300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; grant Nos. 12393811 and 12303047), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant Nos. 2023YFA1608100 and 2021YFA0718500), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (grant No. 2023AFB321). J.J. acknowledges support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (grant No. JP22K14069). K.M. acknowledges support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant (JP24KK0070, JP24H01810). The work is partly supported by the JSPS Open Partnership Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Japan and Finland (K.M. and H.K.; JPJSBP120229923). H.K. was funded by the Research Council of Finland projects 324504, 328898, and 353019. L.G. acknowledges financial support from CSIC, MCIN, and AEI 10.13039/501100011033 under projects PID2023-151307NB-I00, PIE 20215AT016, and CEX2020-001058-M.