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Single molecularly imprinted polymer platform integrating 23 in situ regeneration and antifouling for electrochemical cortisol detection in complex matrices




TekijätZhang, Ziqian; Cui, Min; Li, Junru; Wang, Shuai; Wang, Nianxing; Guo, Yingshu

KustantajaElsevier BV

Julkaisuvuosi2026

Lehti: Biosensors and Bioelectronics

Artikkelin numero118995

Vuosikerta312

ISSN0956-5663

eISSN1873-4235

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2026.118995

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Verkko-osoitehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2026.118995

LisätietojaData will be made available on request.


Tiivistelmä

The reusability of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors is severely limited by inefficient template removal suppressing in situ regeneration and surface fouling in complex matrices. While recent work demonstrated the feasibility of in situ electrostatic regeneration for MIPs, no study has yet integrated antifouling capability with regeneration ability in a single MIP platform. Here, we reported the first integration of antifouling and ultrahigh in situ regeneration capabilities in a single MIP biosensor for electrochemical cortisol detection in complex biological sweat and real pharmaceutical formulations. The interface exhibited robust antifouling capability against high concentrations of oppositely charged proteins and complex serum, which was primarily attributed to high hydrophilicity of oligochitosan-based surface. Meanwhile the highly hydrated surface effectively preserved structural integrity of biosensing surface and recognition cavities during repeated electrochemical template extraction. As a result, the biosensor achieved 23 regeneration cycles in buffer, a 4.6-fold improvement over previous report, and, more importantly, 12 cycles in sweat and over 15 cycles in pharmaceuticals. Unlike prior works that addressed only regeneration in buffer without antifouling consideration, this new platform simultaneously tackled both long-standing challenges within a single MIP architecture. The biosensor enabled sensitive cortisol detection with a linear range of 0.1 pM to 1 μM and a detection limit of 0.038 pM, with accurate quantification verified in human sweat and pharmaceutical samples. By integrating antifouling and regeneration, this work established a new strategy for robust and reusable MIP biosensors, addressing a key barrier to their practical application.



Avainsanat:
biosensorsmolecularly imprinted polymers


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This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2025MS265), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21804051).

This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22276102, 22476103), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2023JQ004), the Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Youth Outstanding Talent Program (2024QZJH05), the Science, Education and Industry Integration Pilot Project Plan of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) (2024RCKY016).


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