A4 Refereed article in a conference publication
The Association of Formative Feedback with Engagement and Student Performance
Authors: Kalaitzopoulou, Eirini; Matthews, Paul; Christopoulos, Athanasios
Editors: Babic, Snjezana; Car, Zeljka; Cicin-Sain, Marina; Ergovic, Pavle; Galinac Grbac, Tihana; Gros, Stjepan; Jovic, Alan; Jurekovic, Darko; Katulic, Tihomir; Koricic, Marko; Kralj, Nenad; Mornar, Vedran; Petrovic, Juraj; Skala, Karolj; Skvorc, Dejan; Sruk, Vlado; Tijan, Edvard; Valacich, Joe; Vrcek, Neven; Vrdoljak, Boris
Conference name: MIPRO ICT and Electronics Convention
Publication year: 2026
Journal: International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics
Book title : 2026 49th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Convention (MIPRO)
Volume: 49
First page : 531
Last page: 535
ISBN: 979-8-3315-6310-3
eISBN: 979-8-3315-6309-7
ISSN: 1847-3938
eISSN: 1847-3946
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIPRO70003.2026.11591878
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: No Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : No Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11591878
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/526896672
Self-archived copy's version: Final draft
Formative feedback is important to student experience and learning outcomes. However, little is known about how students engage with formative feedback and the specific impact it can have on assessment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of optional formative assessment feedback on learners’ performance and behaviour. In total 135 Postgraduate students participated in this study. Students’ profiles were created by an enrolment questionnaire covering the "Big 5" personality dimensions, the Situational Motivation Scale and demographic and background data. Learners’ engagement with the LMS (Blackboard) was monitored using built-in reporting tools for activity in the main content areas over the module’s ten weeks of teaching. Marks from both formative and summative assessments were used to gauge their relationship to engagement and performance. Results indicate that seeking formative feedback is associated with significantly higher course engagement. In terms of feedback uptake behaviour, there is a partial relationship between time spent on feedback content and mark improvement, but feedback visits across course weeks seems to be a better indication. Few student characteristics correlate with feedback-seeking, though we reinforce our earlier finding that conscientiousness is negatively associated, reflecting an over-confidence in expected performance in those who decline feedback opportunities.
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