A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Diagnostic Accuracy of Salivary Periodontal Biomarkers Is Reduced in Patients With Crohn's Disease; 
Authors: Toivanen, Alisa; Nur; Räisänen, Ismo; Gürsoy, Mervi; Gürsoy, Ulvi Kahraman; Sorsa, Timo; Rautava, Jaana
Publisher: Wiley
Publication year: 2026
Journal: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
Article number: e70387
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
eISSN: 2057-4347
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70387
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cre2.70387
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/526843350
Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY
Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF
Additional information: Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
Objectives: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at increased risk of developing periodontal disease and may benefit from salivary biomarker–based monitoring for early detection and management. Given the previously reported reduced specificity of the salivary aMMP‐8 test in CD, this study aimed to evaluate alternative salivary biomarkers for periodontal disease.
Materials and methods: Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 35 patients with CD and 35 systemically healthy, matched controls, followed by a comprehensive periodontal examination. Salivary concentrations of total MMP‐8 (tMMP‐8), MMP‐9, and PMN elastase were quantified using ELISA.
Results: In the control group, periodontal status significantly influenced the levels of all studied biomarkers, with significant differences observed in PMN elastase (p = 0.012), MMP‐9 (p = 0.003), and tMMP‐8 (p < 0.001). In contrast, within the CD group, only MMP‐9 levels showed significant variation across periodontal categories (p = 0.011). Intergroup comparisons revealed that among periodontally healthy individuals, those with CD had significantly higher salivary PMN elastase (p = 0.039) and MMP‐9 (p = 0.005) concentrations than controls. Furthermore, CD patients with gingivitis exhibited significantly higher tMMP‐8 levels (p = 0.035$) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the CD and control groups among patients with periodontitis for any of the biomarkers (p ≥ 0.246).
Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of salivary tMMP‐8 and PMN elastase was reduced in CD patients, likely reflecting altered neutrophil degranulation dynamics. Salivary MMP‐9 may serve as a promising biomarker linking oral and intestinal inflammatory activity.
Keywords:
biomarkers, Crohn Disease, diagnostic accuracy, inflammation mediators, periodontitis, saliva
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Funding information in the publication:
The authors have nothing to report.