A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Massive star clusters and clumps in the collisional ring galaxy Arp 147; 
Authors: Randriamanakoto, Z.; Rakototafika, M.; Mongwane, B.; Väisänen, Petri; Rakotomanga, M.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication year: 2026
Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Article number: stag739
Volume: 549
Issue: 1
ISSN: 0035-8711
eISSN: 1365-2966
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag739
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/549/1/stag739/8659453
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/526493907
Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY
Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF
We conduct a photometric study of star clusters (or knots) in the collisional ring galaxy (CRG) Arp 147 to trace the star formation history across its empty ring. Using Hubble Space Telescope F450W, F606W, and F814W images, we find that Arp 147 hosts 211 knots and six kpc-size clumps, nearly 60 per cent of which have ages below 10 Myr, and two-thirds have masses above 105 M . The cluster mass function (CMF) of knots with ages between 100-200 Myr deviates from a power-law and follows a Schechter function with a characteristic truncation mass of Mc = 6.2 × 105 M . This shape of the CMF is more prominent for a subsample of knots in the eastern region of the ring. Over the same age interval, we derive a low rate of disruption (δ ∼ 0.25) from the cluster age function and a cluster formation efficiency (CFE) of ∼3 per cent. In contrast, the CFE in the 1-10 Myr age range is nearly 40 per cent. We note the lack of high-resolution ultraviolet and Hα observations to help break age–extinction degeneracy which affects the derived ages for dusty young clusters and old ones with low reddening. Nevertheless, this study has shown, at least to a first-order approximation, that collision-triggered starburst events happening across the CRG offer an ideal environment for a second generation of young blue knots to form in abundance. It also suggests that the drop-through collision between the two galaxies can fuel at least mild cluster disruption over time.
Keywords:
galaxies: clusters: individual: Arp 147, galaxies: star clusters: general, galaxies: star formation
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Funding information in the publication:
This research was supported by the South African Astronomical Observatory, which is a facility of the National Research Foundation, an agency of the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation. ZR also acknowledges funding from the 2020 L’Oréal – UNESCO For Women In Science Sub-Saharan Africa regional Programme and the National Geographic Society, grant no. EC-99523R-23 awarded in 2023.