A2 Refereed review article in a scientific journal
Gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents: consensus report; 
Authors: Chapple, Iain; Gizani, Sotiria; Sanz, Mariano; Declerck, Dominique; Madianos, Phoebus N.; Clerehugh, Valerie; Danser, Monique M.; Davidovich, Esti; Davies, Janet; Donos, Nikolaos; Dursun, Elisabeth; Figuero, Elena; Graziani, Filippo; Gursoy, Mervi; Jepsen, Soren; Joseph, Clara; Kebschull, Moritz; Kraemer, Norbert; Lambrinaki, Tina; Lopez, Rodrigo; Manton, David John; Meyle, Joerg; Molina, Ana; Shapira, Lior; Somani, Cheryl; Tsilingaridis, Georgios; Twetman, Svante; West, Nicola X.; Wondimu, Biniyam; Wong, Ferranti; Herrera, David
Publisher: Springer Nature
Publication year: 2026
Journal: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
ISSN: 1818-6300
eISSN: 1996-9805
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01154-y
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Partially Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40368-025-01154-y
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/523356023
Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY NC ND
Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF
Additional information: This article is simultaneously published in the European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry (https://10.1007/s40368-025-01154-y) and the Journal of Clinical Periodontology (https://10.1111/jcpe.70033). This Consensus report was developed, in a joint workshop, by the European Federation of Periodontology and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and jointly published by Springer Nature and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article.
Purpose
The objectives of this focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 classification in children and adolescents.
MethodsThe workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions.
ResultsOver 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low, and moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 classification system also apply in children and adolescents, however there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition.
ConclusionsPeriodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.
Keywords:
gingival diseases, gingivitis, periodontal diseases
Downloadable publication This is an electronic reprint of the original article. |  |
Funding information in the publication:
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. A Partnership Agreement was signed between the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and Colgate-Palmolive Europe Sarl, for covering the financial support for the in-person meeting, as an unrestricted grant, to cover travel, accommodation and lodging expenses, but no honoraria for experts.
