This article traces the ideological and geopolitical reorientation of the Italian far right—from the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini to its postwar successors—through the intertwined politics of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. It argues that the shift from Fascism’s pro-Islamic Mediterranean project, directed primarily against British and French dominance in the region, to the Cold War’s pro-Israeli and Atlanticist realignment represents a profound transformation. Drawing on archival, parliamentary, and judicial sources, the study examines how both parliamentary (Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) and extraparliamentary (Ordine Nuovo, ON) actors recalibrated Fascist legacies to serve Western Cold War strategies. By analyzing ON’s collaboration with NATO and Israeli intelligence within the Strategy of Tension, the article reveals the instrumentalization of far-right networks as agents of transnational security policy. The Italian case illustrates how post-Fascist movements adapted their ideological vocabularies to new global hierarchies of power, translating nationalist and civilizational discourses into the epistemic order of Western hegemony. This long-term Mediterranean realignment—from Mussolini’s Sword of Islam to the Cold War Shield of the West—illuminates the convergence of extremism, geopolitics, and identity in the making of Europe’s contemporary far-right foreign policy.