A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Pyridine-Based Multifunctional Surface Passivators Enable Efficient and Stable Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Han, Yi; Doyranli, Ceylan; Di Vito, Alessia; Auf der Maur, Matthias; Mokurala, Krishnaiah; Mäkinen, Paavo; Kumar, Ramesh; Al-Anesi, Basheer; Manna, Debjit; Vivo, Paola
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Publication year: 2025
Journal: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Volume: 17
Issue: 35
First page : 49409
Last page: 49420
ISSN: 1944-8244
eISSN: 1944-8252
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c08539
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Partially Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c08539
Efficient surface passivation is crucial for mitigating defect-induced recombination losses in perovskite-based indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), where charge carrier dynamics are particularly sensitive to trap states under low-intensity illumination. Here, we introduce two pyridine-based passivators, tris[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]amine (TPAP) and its ionic counterpart (TPAP1), to achieve high-performance and stable perovskite IPVs. These passivators strongly coordinate with under-coordinated Pb2+ ions, effectively reducing trap densities and improving hydrophobicity. When incorporated into lead-based triple-cation CsFAMA perovskite films, TPAP and TPAP1 significantly suppress nonradiative recombination, leading to notable improvements in device performance. Remarkably, TPAP1 demonstrates a unique ability to simultaneously passivate multiple defect types, further optimizing charge transport and boosting the open-circuit voltage (VOC). As a result, IPV devices incorporating TPAP and TPAP1 achieved remarkable indoor power conversion efficiencies of 30.1% and 31.7%, with VOC values of 0.97 and 1.00 V, respectively, under 1000 lux white LED illumination. This study presents a scalable and effective strategy for defect passivation in perovskite IPVs, highlighting the critical role of multifunctional organic passivators in advancing next-generation energy harvesting technologies.