A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
FMUiL: An open-source package for in-the-loop simulations with functional mock-up units
Authors: Klemets, K.; Bouzoulas, D.; Manngård, M.; Böling, J.M.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Publication year: 2026
Journal: SoftwareX
Article number: 102560
Volume: 34
eISSN: 2352-7110
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2026.102560
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2026.102560
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/515865926
Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY
Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF
Functional Mock-up Units in the Loop (FMUiL) is an open-source Python package designed to support virtual commissioning and design phases of projects. It combines the FMI and OPC UA standards to enable the cosimulation between simulation models, software, and hardware. Since the FMI standard does not specify how co-simulation between FMUs and external systems should be handled, FMUiL uses the OPC UA communication protocol, which is widely adopted in the process automation industry, to manage the data exchange between devices and systems. Simulation models are wrapped as OPC UA servers that can be connected to external servers. To simplify experiment setup and ensure reproducibility, FMUiL uses YAML configuration files to define simulation scenarios and experiments, which can then be executed through the provided command-line interface. This paper documents the architecture and functionality of the FMUiL package, describes how experiments are configured, and demonstrates its use through practical examples.
Downloadable publication This is an electronic reprint of the original article. |
Funding information in the publication:
This research was funded by Business Finland under Grant 7316/31/2023 “Virtual Sea Trial”.