A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
XMD8-92 and JWG-045 exhibit anti-ferroptotic activities, independently of inhibiting ERK5
Authors: Zhang, Wei; Kan, Karmern; Pidd, Aidan B.; Konteva, Gala; Xiao, Weitao; Pearson, Adam J.; Song, Zejia; Xu, Qiuping; Butterworth, Sam; Whitmarsh, Alan J.; Tournier, Cathy
Publisher: Springer Nature
Publication year: 2026
Journal: Scientific Reports
eISSN: 2045-2322
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42079-w
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42079-w
Extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is an emerging therapeutic target in cancer, and small-molecule ERK5 inhibitors have been widely employed to define its role in tumour biology. Here, we show that the commonly used ERK5 inhibitors XMD8-92 and JWG-045 suppress RSL3-induced ferroptosis in breast cancer cells, in contrast to the next-generation ERK5 inhibitors JWG-071 and BAY-885, and the MEK5 inhibitor BIX02189. Using CRISPR-mediated gene editing, we generated ERK5-deficient breast cancer cells and found that XMD8-92 and JWG-045 retained their anti-ferroptotic activity against RSL3 in the absence of ERK5 expression, indicating clear off-target effects. Pathway-level analysis of bulk RNA-sequencing data using FerrDb-curated gene sets revealed no global alteration in ferroptotic activity in BT474 cells following XMD8-92 treatment. Interestingly, XMD8-92 did not inhibit RSL3-induced lipid peroxidation and preserved cell viability even after RSL3-induced ferroptosis initiation. Based on these observations, we propose that XMD8-92 confers transient resistance to ferroptotic cell death by maintaining plasma membrane integrity, potentially through enhanced membrane repair mechanisms. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unrecognised off-target anti-ferroptotic activity of XMD8-92 and JWG-045, further highlighting the limitation of these compounds for ERK5-specific mechanistic studies.
Funding information in the publication:
This work was partially supported by a grant from the MRC (MR/N013751/1) to AP and SB and from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515012623) to QX.