A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Balancing structure and performance: Optimized BZO nanorod doping in Ca-interlayered YBCO multilayers
Authors: Condo, C.; Mejia, S.; Aye, M. M.; Rivasto, E.; Huhtinen, H.; Paturi, P.
Publication year: 2026
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
First page : 1
Last page: 5
ISSN: 1051-8223
eISSN: 2378-7074
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2026.3656256
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: No Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Partially Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2026.3656256
Abstract
This study demonstrates the enhancement of critical current density over a wide temperature and magnetic field range in BZO-doped YBCO multilayer structures using a Ca-doped YBCO intermediate layer. Compared to single-layer BZO doped YBCO films, the Ca-doped interlayer improves crystalline quality and reduces non-uniform strain, particularly at low BZO doping concentrations, and promotes better growth of BZO nanorods. Additionally, multilayering slightly increases YBCO's oxygen content across all BZO concentrations, contributing to a higher critical temperature and zero-field critical current density. Besides of this, multilayering enhances critical current density across the magnetic field range, especially at low fields and high BZO concentrations. However, the highest absolute zero-f ield critical current density is achieved in undoped multilayered YBCO, whereas in fields above 2T and up to 50K, the best performance is obtained with 4% BZO-doped YBCO layers separated by Ca-doped interlayers. At around 1T, 2% BZO doping yields the highest critical current density. This paper also explores the possible mechanisms behind these effects, proposing that multilayering BZO-doped YBCO with a crystal structure-balancing interlayer could be key to next-generation YBCO coated conductors for high-temperature superconductor applications. Optimising the BZO concentration is crucial when tailoring YBCO compositions for different operating conditions.
This study demonstrates the enhancement of critical current density over a wide temperature and magnetic field range in BZO-doped YBCO multilayer structures using a Ca-doped YBCO intermediate layer. Compared to single-layer BZO doped YBCO films, the Ca-doped interlayer improves crystalline quality and reduces non-uniform strain, particularly at low BZO doping concentrations, and promotes better growth of BZO nanorods. Additionally, multilayering slightly increases YBCO's oxygen content across all BZO concentrations, contributing to a higher critical temperature and zero-field critical current density. Besides of this, multilayering enhances critical current density across the magnetic field range, especially at low fields and high BZO concentrations. However, the highest absolute zero-f ield critical current density is achieved in undoped multilayered YBCO, whereas in fields above 2T and up to 50K, the best performance is obtained with 4% BZO-doped YBCO layers separated by Ca-doped interlayers. At around 1T, 2% BZO doping yields the highest critical current density. This paper also explores the possible mechanisms behind these effects, proposing that multilayering BZO-doped YBCO with a crystal structure-balancing interlayer could be key to next-generation YBCO coated conductors for high-temperature superconductor applications. Optimising the BZO concentration is crucial when tailoring YBCO compositions for different operating conditions.
Funding information in the publication:
This work was supported by the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation.
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