This study examines how North Korean refugees articulate and navigate their national identity in South Korea and the UK. Although the number of refugees has decreased since Kim Jong-un took power, their socio-political influence continues to be considerable, especially in South Korea. The rise of the talnam phenomenon, in which some refugees, encountering discrimination and integration challenges, opt to leave South Korea, underscores the difficulties this community endures. Developing an individual or group identity involves an ongoing negotiation between assimilation and distinction from others, beginning with naming newcomers in society. Consequently, this research first explores the meanings of the language and terms used by the South Korean government to describe North Korean refugees residing in South Korea, along with the various state names employed by both Koreas. This study provides a basis for comprehending the broader dynamics of assimilation and differentiation among North Korean refugees. In 2021, fieldwork was carried out in South Korea and the UK via in-depth interviews, concentrating on how North Korean refugees navigate their national identity. This research looks into the challenges faced by these refugees and aims to develop policy frameworks that foster their smooth integration with South Koreans and different communities. By recognising the intricate facets of their national identity, host societies can facilitate improved integration and enhance individual autonomy for this resilient group.

Keywords: North Korean Refugees, Social Assimilation, Social Distinction, Social Integration