This report synthesises findings from the MapIneq project on how social inequalities develop across the life course in Europe. Inequalities emerge early, accumulate over time, and spill across education, labour markets, health, and family life. Local and regional opportunity structures play a major role alongside national institutions. Education is central but insufficient on its own to offset early disadvantage. Sustaining the legitimacy of inequality-producing institutions requires fair opportunities and shared security across life stages.