A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

The role of defenders' and victims' popularity in the effectiveness of defending in bullying interactions: A longitudinal social network study




AuthorsRichters, Stefanie; van Zalk, Maarten H. W.; Veenstra, René; Laninga‐Wijnen, Lydia

PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons

Publication year2025

Journal: Journal of Research on Adolescence

Article numbere70126

Volume36

ISSN1050-8392

eISSN1532-7795

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70126

Publication's open availability at the time of reportingOpen Access

Publication channel's open availability Partially Open Access publication channel

Web address https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.70126

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/508268996

Self-archived copy's licenceCC BY

Self-archived copy's versionPublisher`s PDF


Abstract

Peer defending is widely promoted as a strategy to reduce bullying, but few studies haveinvestigated whether having more defenders decreases victimization over time from thevictim's perspective. This social network study examined the longitudinal associationbetween nominating more defenders and subsequent victimization among (early) ado-lescents and tested whether this relation is moderated by the popularity status of the de-fender and the victim. The sample included 1450 participants from 93 secondary schoolclasses (grades 4–9) in Finland (52.51% female; Mage = 12.38 years, SD age = 1.56). Resultsfrom longitudinal social network analyses showed that contrary to expectations, havingmore defenders did not reduce victimization over time. Moreover, the popularity of thedefender or the victim did not moderate this effect. Results did not differ by grade. Thesefindings suggest that defending alone may not protect students from ongoing victimiza-tion and highlight the need for broader, multi-level intervention strategies.


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Funding information in the publication
Postdoctoral Research Grant from the Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: 349560


Last updated on 19/01/2026 12:14:31 PM