The article describes the unique breadth, depth, and long-term impact of Sanskrit and ancient Vedic texts on human civilization. The scientific, spiritual, and philosophical richness of the Eastern knowledge tradition is said to be the main reason for the growing attraction to meditation, yoga, philosophy, and Sanskrit-language texts in Western society in the 21st century. The Vedic tradition developed by the sages is spread over a vast structure of four Vedas, six Vedangas, four Upangas, Upaveda, Upanishads, Puranas, Agamas, Mahakavyas, Gita, philosophy and various scriptures, which have created a well-organized system of knowledge in 18 disciplines ranging from medicine, politics, martial arts, music, dance, astronomy, ethics, yoga, logic, cosmology to social conduct. The Vedas are classified as Shruti—divinely revealed—and the other texts as Smriti—composed by humans. The detailed descriptions of the branches, mantras, Upanishads, and the contents of the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda show the structural complexity and scientificity of Vedic knowledge. The Puranas reveal the esoteric meanings of the Vedas through the five aspects of history, cosmology, Rajpath, and Vishwa-Chakra. Agamas, Tantras, Shadarshan, various Gitas, Niti-Shastra, Katha-Sahita, Poetry, Drama, and Alankar-Shastra have made Sanskrit literature multidimensional. Max Müller has considered Sanskrit texts to be the highest achievement of human intelligence, which offer lasting solutions to the deep questions of life. Noting that even modern neuroscience has provided evidence that studying Sanskrit positively affects brain structure and memory, the text restores the scientific and spiritual value of the Sanskrit knowledge tradition.