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A Late-time Radio Survey of Type Ia-CSM Supernovae with the Very Large Array




TekijätGriffith, Olivia; Showerman, Grace; Sarbadhicary, Sumit K.; Harris, Chelsea E.; Chomiuk, Laura; Sollerman, Jesper; Lundqvist, Peter; Moldón, Javier; Pérez-Torres, Miguel; Kool, Erik C.; Moriya, Takashi J.

KustantajaInstitute of Physics Publishing

Julkaisuvuosi2025

Lehti: Astrophysical Journal

Artikkelin numero54

Vuosikerta995

Numero1

ISSN0004-637X

eISSN1538-4357

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae17b0

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Verkko-osoitehttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae17b0

Rinnakkaistallenteen osoitehttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/506338826

Rinnakkaistallenteen lisenssiCC BY

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Tiivistelmä

Type Ia-CSM supernovae (SNe) are a rare and peculiar subclass of thermonuclear SNe characterized by emission lines of hydrogen or helium, indicative of high-density circumstellar medium (CSM). Their implied mass-loss rates of ∼10−4–10−1 M yr−1 (assuming ∼100 km s−1 winds) from optical observations are generally in excess of values observed in realistic SN Ia progenitors. In this paper, we present an independent study of CSM densities around a sample of 29 archival Ia-CSM SNe using radio observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 6 GHz. Motivated by the late (∼2 yr) radio detection of the Ia-CSM SN 2020eyj, we observed old (>1 yr) SNe, when we are more likely to see the emergent synchrotron emission that may have been suppressed earlier by free–free absorption by the CSM. We do not detect radio emission down to 3σ limits of ∼35 μJy in our sample. The only radio-detected candidate in our sample, SN 2022esa, was likely misclassified as a Ia-CSM with early spectra, and appears more consistent with a peculiar Ic based on later epochs. Assuming wind-like CSM with temperatures between 2 × 104 K and 105 K, and a magnetic field-to-shock energy fraction epsilonB = 0.01 − 0.1, the radio upper limits rule out mass-loss rates between ∼10−4 and 10−2 M yr−1 (100 km s−1)−1. This is somewhat in tension with the estimates from optical observations, and may indicate that more complex CSM geometries and/or lower values of epsilonB may be present.


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O.G., G.S., C.E.H., and L.C. are grateful for support from NSF grants AST-2107070 and AST-2205628. J.M. and M.P.T. acknowledge financial support through the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S and the Spanish National grant PID2023-147883NB-C21, funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, as well as support through ERDF/EU.


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