A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Empowerment of Newly Graduated Nurses in Six European Countries 1 Year Post-Graduation: Cross-Sectional Study and Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Zeleníková, Renáta; Štureková, Lenka; Bujok, Petr; Leino-Kilpi, Helena; Kuokkanen, Liisa; Palese, Alvisa; Visiers-Jiménez, Laura; Brugnolli, Anna; Nemcová, Jana; Simão, De Oliveira Célia; Rua, Marília; Kajander-Unkuri, Satu
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Publication year: 2026
Journal: Journal of Transcultural Nursing
Article number: 10436596251414412
ISSN: 1043-6596
eISSN: 1552-7832
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10436596251414412
Publication's open availability at the time of reporting: Open Access
Publication channel's open availability : Partially Open Access publication channel
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1177/10436596251414412
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/506330484
Self-archived copy's licence: CC BY
Self-archived copy's version: Publisher`s PDF
Introduction: Global nursing shortage emphasises empowering newly graduated nurses (NGNs) to enhance retention and satisfaction. While empowerment is widely studied, little is known about NGNs’ empowerment one year post-graduation. This study describes it and evaluates the Essential Elements of Nurse Empowerment (EENE ©Kuokkanen 2003) instrument.
Methods: 239 NGNs from six European countries responded this cross-sectional study using the EENE in 2019–2020. Data were analysed statistically.
Results: Most NGNs reported moderate empowerment. NGNs planning to stay in their workplace and profession reported higher empowerment. Exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the instrument was 0.88.
Discussion: Empowering NGNs is crucial for improving job satisfaction and retention. Inclusive practices and validated, culturally adaptable instruments like the EENE support equitable workforce development and culturally adaptable care. "Culturally adaptable" means retaining conceptual meaning across languages and contexts; translation revealed cultural nuances in how empowerment is understood and expressed.
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