This chapter examines how translational health informatics can enhance patient safety, particularly in the areas of diagnostics and medication management. It highlights systemic issues—such as diagnostic delays, medication errors, and gaps in care coordination—that elevate costs and compromise patient outcomes. The discussion emphasizes the importance of integrating AI and human-centered design to enhance accuracy, improve patient engagement, and promote ethical responsibility. Diagnostic errors account for a significant share of preventable harm, necessitating multidisciplinary interventions that include AI-assisted tools, co-design with patients, and structured communication strategies. Likewise, medication safety requires intelligent systems, personalized treatment plans, and comprehensive monitoring. Ethical challenges, such as data integrity and algorithmic bias, must be addressed to ensure the responsible use of AI. The chapter concludes that combining technology with preventive, participatory, and ethically robust approaches is essential to optimizing healthcare quality and efficiency.