Very high energy observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 with MAGIC: Indication of another gamma-ray obscured candidate neutrino source
: Abe, K.; Abe, S.; Abhir, J.; Abhishek, A.; Acciari, V. A.; Aguasca-Cabot, A.; Agudo, I.; Aniello, T.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Arbet Engels, A.; Arcaro, C.; Arnesen, T. T. H.; Asano, K.; Babic, A.; Bakshi, C.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Barrios-Jimenez, L.; Batkovic, I.; Baxter, J.; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Bernete, J.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Bosnjak, Z.; Bronzini, E.; Burelli, I.; Campoy-Ordaz, A.; Carosi, A.; Carosi, R.; Carretero-Castrillo, M.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Cerasole, D.; Ceribella, G.; Chai, Y.; Cifuentes, A.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; de Menezes, R.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Di Pierro, F.; Di Tria, R.; Di Venere, L.; Dinesh, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Eisenberger, L.; Elsaesser, D.; Escudero, J.; Farina, L.; Foffano, L.; Font, L.; Frose, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giesbrecht Paiva, J. G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinovic, N.; Gradetzke, T.; Grau, R.; Green, D.; Green, J. G.; Guenther, P.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hassan, T.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera Llorente, J.; Hrupec, D.; Imazawa, R.; Israyelyan, D.; Jahanvi, J.; Jimenez Martinez, I.; Jimenez Quiles, J.; Jormanainen, J.; Kankkunen, S.; Kayanoki, T.; Konrad, J.; Kouch, P. M.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lainez, M.; Lamastra, A.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Lopez-Moya, M.; Lopez-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Lulic, L.; Lyard, E.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mangano, S.; Mannheim, K.; Marchesi, S.; Mariotti, M.; Martinez, M.; Marusevec, P.; Mas-Aguilar, A.; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mendez Gallego, J.; Menon, S.; Miceli, D.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molero Gonzalez, M.; Molina, E.; Mondal, H. A.; Moralejo, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nanci, C.; Neustroev, V.; Nickel, L.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nikolic, L.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Okumura, A.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Pihet, M.; Pirola, G.; Podobnik, F.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Prandini, E.; Rhode, W.; Ribo, M.; Rico, J.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Saturni, F. G.; Schmitz, K.; Schmuckermaier, F.; Schubert, J. L.; Schweizer, T.; Sciaccaluga, A.; Silvestri, G.; Simongini, A.; Sitarek, J.; Sliusar, V.; Sobczynska, D.; Stamerra, A.; Striskovic, J.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi, M.; Takeishi, R.; Temnikov, P.; Terauchi, K.; Terzic, T.; Teshima, M.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Verna, G.; Viale, I.; Vigliano, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Visentin, E.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I.; Walter, R.; Wersig, F.; Will, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Yeung, P. K. H.; Neronov, A.; Peretti, E.; Peron, G.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
: 2025
Astronomy and Astrophysics
: A38
: 702
: 0004-6361
: 1432-0746
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554723
: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554723
: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/505213258
Seyfert galaxies are emerging as a promising source class of high-energy neutrinos. The Seyfert galaxies NGC 4151 and NGC 1068 have respectively come up as the most promising counterparts of a 3σ and of a 4.2σ neutrino excesses detected by IceCube in the TeV energy range. Constraining the very high energy (VHE) emission associated with the neutrino signal is crucial to unveiling the mechanism and site of neutrino production. In this work, we present the first results of the VHE observations (∼29 hours) of NGC 4151 with the MAGIC telescopes. We detected no gamma-ray excess in the direction of NGC 4151, and we derived constraining upper limits on the VHE gamma-ray flux. The integral flux upper limit (at the 95% confidence level) above 200 GeV is f = 2.3 × 10−12 cm−2 s−1. Comparison of the MAGIC and IceCube measurements suggests the presence of a gamma-ray obscured accelerator, and it allowed us to constrain the gamma-ray optical depth and the size of the neutrino production site. © The Authors 2025.
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We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the grants PID2019-104114RB-C31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-104114RB-C33, PID2019-105510GB-C31, PID2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019-107847RB-C42, PID2019-107847RB-C44, PID2019-107988GB-C22, PID2022-136828NB-C41, PID2022-137810NB-C22, PID2022-138172NB-C41, PID2022-138172NB-C42, PID2022-138172NB-C43, PID2022-139117NB-C41, PID2022-139117NB-C42, PID2022-139117NB-C43, PID2022-139117NB-C44 funded by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and "ERDF A way of making Europe"; the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-400/18.12.2020 and the Academy of Finland grant nr. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also been supported by Centros de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" y Unidades "Maria de Maeztu" program of the Spanish MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (CEX2019-000920-S, CEX2019-000918-M, CEX2021-001131-S) and by the CERCA institution and grants 2021SGR00426 and 2021SGR00773 of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2022-10-4595 and the University of Rijeka Project uniri-prirod-18-48; by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1491) and by the Lamarr-Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; by the Polish Ministry Of Education and Science grant No. 2021/WK/08; by the Brazilian MCTIC, the CNPq Productivity Grant 309053/2022-6 and FAPERJ Grants E-26/200.532/2023 and E-26/211.342/2021. E.P. was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-21-CE31-0028) and by INAF through "Assegni di ricerca per progetti di ricerca relativi a CTA e precursori". Author Contributions. A. Lamastra: project management, P.I. of MAGIC observations, MAGIC data analysis, theoretical interpretation, paper drafting; S. Mangano: MAGIC analysis cross-check, paper drafting; S. Menon: MAGIC data analysis, paper drafting; E. Peretti: P.I. theory, theoretical modeling and interpretation, paper drafting; G. Peron: Fermi-LAT data interpretation and paper drafting; F. G. Saturni: theoretical interpretation and paper drafting. The rest of the authors have contributed in one or several of the following ways: design, construction, maintenance and operation of the instrument(s) used to acquire the data; preparation and/or evaluation of the observation proposals; data acquisition, processing, calibration and/or reduction; production of analysis tools and/or related Monte Carlo simulations; overall discussions about the contents of the draft, as well as related refinements in the descriptions.
