A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Electroactive naphthalimide and naphthalenediimide interlayers for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Armadorou, Konstantina-Kalliopi; AlSabeh, Ghewa; Vezzosi, Andrea; Najafov, Murad; Nasturzio, Pietro; Zimmermann, Paul; Hinderhofer, Alexander; Kim, Jinhyun; Zheng, Likai; Caldara, Tiziano Agostino; Carnevali, Virginia; Slama, Vladislav; Lempesis, Nikolaos; Schreiber, Frank; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Rothlisberger, Ursula; Pfeifer, Lukas; Eickemeyer, Felix T.; Milić, Jovana V.; Grätzel, Michael
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Publication year: 2025
Journal:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. C
Volume: 13
Issue: 39
First page : 20040
Last page: 20048
ISSN: 2050-7526
eISSN: 2050-7534
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tc01418b
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1039/d5tc01418b
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/504642738
Perovskite solar cells have garnered significant interest, yet their limited operational stability remains a major challenge. This is especially pronounced at the interface with charge transport layers. In inverted p–i–n perovskite solar cells, fullerene-based electron transport layers pose critical stability issues. This has stimulated the application of low-dimensional perovskite interlayers featuring alkylammonium-based organic spacers that template perovskite slabs to enhance operational stabilities. However, these materials are traditionally based on organic cations that are electronically insulating, limiting charge extraction and device performance. We demonstrate the capacity to access low-dimensional perovskites incorporating electron-accepting naphthalimide- and naphthalenediimide-based spacers and use the corresponding organic moieties to modify or replace fullerene electron-transport layers, forming an electroactive interface that serves charge-transport. This resulted in superior performance with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20% and enhanced operational stability, highlighting the potential of electroactive interlayers for advancing inverted perovskite solar cells.
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Funding information in the publication:
This project is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) PRIMA grant no. 193174. We further acknowledge funding from the BMBF (ERUM-Pro) project 05K19VTA and thank Lena Merten and Leonard Simeonov for their experimental support. U.R. acknowledges the SNSF (grant no. 200020_219440). A. V., V. C. and U. R. acknowledge computational resources from the Swiss National Computing Centre CSCS.
