This chapter illustrates how innovative generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools enable real-time adaptation of learning materials in primary education to align with curriculum standards while accommodating each pupil’s pace and abilities. In addition, GenAI use policies and practices are explored globally regarding primary education and beyond. The chapter presents concrete examples and guidelines on employing GenAI and large language models (LLMs) to create and utilize adaptive learning environments. These environments respond to individual learners’ needs, track their engagement with educational content, and encourage sustained motivation to learn. The chapter also outlines policy recommendations for the effective and responsible integration of GenAI in education.