The main purpose of this two-phased study was to analyse the pedagogical usage and outcomes of 3D technology in healthcare education at the level of vocational education and training. In this study 3D technology is defined as encompassing four components: 3D images, 3D environments, 3D holograms, and 3D printing.

PHASE Ⅰ (2019-2022) aimed to develop an intervention using 3D technology in practical nursing education. This was implemented with a scoping review (n=31 articles) and mixed method study. The mixed method study was guided of theoretical framework of “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge”. The data was collected from teachers using a survey (n=55) and semi-structured interviews (n=17). PHASE Ⅱ (2022-2025) aimed to analyse the outcomes of using 3D technology among practical nursing students in first aid courses from the perspective of technology acceptance and learning outcomes. In total 59 (n=59) practical nursing students participated in the study. They were divided into the intervention group (n=32) and control group (n=27). Technology acceptance was studied with mixed method design guided by the “Technology Acceptance Model”. This included a survey and focus group interviews. Learning outcomes were studied with a quasiexperimental design including a knowledge test (pre, post and follow-up) and skills test at the end of the first aid course.

As a result, the PHASE Ⅰ found that 3D technology is a promising method in healthcare education with positive outcomes. The usage was dominantly with a 3D environment. Teachers emphasized the need to address several issues such as resources and collaboration when implementing 3D technology in teaching. In PHASE Ⅱ the practical nursing students reported that the 3D technology was easy to use and useful. They felt more prepared to adapt new technologies in the future. Moreover, they learned better first aid knowledge and CPR-skills when the 3D technology was connected to the teaching.

As a conclusion, 3D technology can be seen as a promising method to utilize in vocational education and training among practical nursing students and it may enhance learning outcomes in first aid education and prepare students to adapt to new technologies easier in future.