A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Urban development type, biodiversity and the extinction of experience
Authors: Izquierdo, Lucía; Ramos-Chernenko, Anna; Jokimäki, Jukka; Tryjanowski, Piotr; Benedetti, Yanina; Díaz, Mario; Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa; Morelli, Federico; Pérez-Contreras, Tomás; Rubio, Enrique; Sprau, Philipp; Suhonen, Jukka; Ibáñez-Álamo, Juan Diego
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Publication year: 2025
Journal: Biological Conservation
Journal name in source: Biological Conservation
Article number: 111417
Volume: 311
ISSN: 0006-3207
eISSN: 1873-2917
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111417
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111417
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/499720904
Humans currently suffer a phenomenon called the extinction of experience by which we are losing interactions with the natural world. This process, particularly worrying in urban areas and rapidly expanding, is mainly due to the lack of orientation towards nature (i.e. connection with nature) and the lack of opportunities to experience it. Urban areas vary along a gradient from compact cities with large parks separated from residential areas (land-sparing extreme of the gradient) to sprawled-design with single-family homes and gardens and street vegetation (land-sharing extreme). This gradient and its feature variables are related to differences in biodiversity levels and the way people interact with nature, thus, it is expected that this configuration will influence the extinction of experience of citizens. Our study investigates this important question by integrating sociological data (818 questionnaires) and ecological data (bird diversity) from 9 cities across Europe and carrying out structural equation models. Our results empirically support the extinction of the experience framework. We found that living in land-sparing areas, as well as areas with more green cover and larger green patches, is positively associated with time spent in nature. These findings highlight the importance of large parks in bringing urban dwellers closer to nature. Furthermore, disconnection from nature is favored by other factors such as the lack of childhood experiences or living in biodiversity-poor neighborhoods. Politicians and urban planners should consider these factors to revert the increasingly worrying extinction of experience that entails important conservation consequences.
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Funding information in the publication:
This study was part of the project PID2019-107423GA-I00 funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the project LANDCITIES: CEXP-375-UGR23 funded by the University of Granada.
