Localized Phase and Elemental Mapping in Solid-State Lithium Battery LTO Anode Thin-Film Produced by a Novel Suspension Plasma Spray Approach - UTU Research Portal

A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Localized Phase and Elemental Mapping in Solid-State Lithium Battery LTO Anode Thin-Film Produced by a Novel Suspension Plasma Spray Approach

Authors: Hasani, Arman; Joshi, Shrikant; Salminen, Antti; Goel, Sneha; Reuteler, Joakim; Makowska, Malgorzata, Grazyna; Ganvir, Ashish

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication year: 2025

Journal: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

Journal name in source: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

Volume: 34

Issue: 5

First page : 1589

Last page: 1597

ISSN: 1059-9630

eISSN: 1544-1016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-025-02003-6

Web address : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-025-02003-6

Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/498618387

Abstract

This study investigates the phase and elemental distribution in a suspension plasma-sprayed (SPS) Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin-film anode for solid-state lithium batteries, deposited on an SS-304 substrate. Advanced synchrotron-based µXRD and µXRF techniques were employed for micro-scale characterization, revealing distinct phase regions influenced by thermal exposure during the SPS process. The dominant Li4Ti5O12 phase was retained across most of the film, with localized transformations to secondary phases Li2Ti3O7, Li2TiO3, and TiO2 near the substrate interface, primarily due to prolonged high-temperature exposure and subsequent lithium loss. These findings underscore the importance of controlling SPS parameters to minimize lithium loss and optimize phase stability and interfacial integrity in solid-state battery components.

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Funding information in the publication:
Open Access funding provided by University of Turku (including Turku University Central Hospital). This research was
supported by the GREEN-BAT project (2022–2025) under the MERA.Net framework. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Research Council of Finland and M-ERA.NET 3 from the European Commission, as well as the respective national and regional financiers from Germany and Sweden. The Swedish portion of this research, conducted at University West, Sweden, was funded by the following projects: (a) the proof-of-concept project NovelCABs, supported by the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten, Dnr 2021-002227), and (b) the transnational M-ERA.NET 3 project Green-BAT, with backing from the European Commission, with Vinnova (the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) as the national financier for Swedish participation. The Authors also acknowledge Swiss Light Source (SLS) for granting the beamtime at the microXAS beamline. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 958174.