A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Bolstering federal execution of EU law: Case C-123/22 Commission v. Hungary (Reception of applicants for international protection II)
Authors: Pohjankoski, Pekka
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Publication year: 2025
Journal: Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
First page : 89
Last page: 100
ISSN: 1023-263X
eISSN: 2399-5548
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X251329803(external)
Web address : https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1023263X251329803(external)
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/498484676(external)
With the milestone judgment in Case C-123/22 Commission v. Hungary (Reception of applicants for international protection II), the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) has bolstered federal execution of EU law. The judgment which imposed a EUR 200 million lump sum and a daily penalty payment of EUR 1 million going forward on Hungary for noncompliance with an earlier ruling demonstrates the ECJ's willingness to impose coercive sanctions with teeth on Member States in cases of particularly serious and persistent infringements. Beyond its practical impact, the judgment is highly significant from the perspectives of the development of the EU's constitutional powers of federal execution, the quasi-automatic enforcement character of the Article 260(2) TFEU procedure, the case law on ‘deliberate’ breaches of EU law, the principle of primacy and judicial conflict, as well as the contentious context of border controls and migrant ‘pushbacks’ in today's Europe.
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Funding information in the publication:
The author disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was funded by the Strategic Research Council established within the Research Council of Finland (grant number 345950).
