A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Influence of CYP2D6 phenotype on adherence, adverse effects, and attitudes in aripiprazole and risperidone users
Authors: Hietala, Elina; Solismaa, Anssi; Lähteenvuo, Markku; Ahola-Olli, Ari V.; Häkkinen, Katja; Suokas, Kimmo; Isometsä, Erkki; Suvisaari, Jaana; Kieseppä, Tuula; Holm, Minna; Tiihonen, Jari; Lönnqvist, Jouko; Hietala, Jarmo; Wegelius, Asko; Lahdensuo, Kaisla; Haaki, Willehard; Kampman, Olli; study SUPER-Finland
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Publishing place: CAMBRIDGE
Publication year: 2025
Journal: Acta Neuropsychiatrica
Journal name in source: Acta Neuropsychiatrica
Journal acronym: ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATR
Article number: e54
Volume: 37
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 0924-2708
eISSN: 1601-5215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2025.11
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2025.11
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/491820742
Non-adherence and negative attitudes towards medication are major problems in treating psychotic disorders. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) contributes to the metabolism of aripiprazole and risperidone, and variations in CYP2D6 activity may affect treatment response or adverse effects. However, the impact of these variations on adherence and medication attitudes is unclear. This study investigates the relationships between CYP2D6 phenotype, self-reported adherence, adverse effects, and attitudes among aripiprazole and risperidone users. The study analysed data from the SUPER-Finland cohort of 10,474 adults with psychotic episodes, including 1,429 aripiprazole and 828 risperidone users. The Attitudes towards Neuroleptic Treatment (ANT) questionnaire assessed adherence and adverse effects in all patients, while medication-related attitudes were examined in a subgroup of 1,000 participants. Associations between CYP2D6 phenotypes and outcomes were analysed using logistic regression and beta regression in aripiprazole and risperidone groups separately. Among risperidone users, we observed no association between CYP2D6 phenotypes and adherence, adverse effects, or attitudes. Similarly, we found no link between adherence and CYP2D6 phenotypes among aripiprazole users. However, aripiprazole users with the ultrarapid CYP2D6 phenotype had more adverse effects (OR = 1.71, 95 % CI 1.03-2.90, p = 0.041). Among aripiprazole users, CYP2D6 ultrarapid phenotype was associated with less favourable attitudes towards antipsychotic treatment (beta = -0.48, p = 0.023). These findings provide preliminary evidence that the ultrarapid CYP2D6 phenotype is associated with increased adverse effects and negative attitudes towards antipsychotic medication among aripiprazole users. CYP2D6 phenotype did not influence adherence, adverse effects, or attitudes among risperidone users.
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Funding information in the publication:
SUPER-Finland cohort recruitment was supported by Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, USA.
EH has received funding from Vanha Vaasa Hospital research fund, Finland, Pirkanmaa Hospital District research fund, Finland, The Hospital District of South Ostrobothnia research fund, Finland, Finnish Psychiatric Association, Finland, Finnish Psychiatric Research Foundation, Finland, Finnish Cultural Foundation: South Ostrobothnia Regional Fund, Finland, and The Finnish Medical Foundation, Finland.
KH has received funding from The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Finland, through the developmental fund for Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland, The Finnish Cultural Foundation, Helsinki, Finland, Finnish Psychiatric Research Foundation, Helsinki, Finland, The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, The Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Tampere, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Helsinki, Finland.
The funding sources had no role in the design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the study.
