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Implementing Load-Side Operating Energy Reserves to Improve System Frequency Control Amid the Expansion of Distributed Generation




TekijätMtolo, Dumisani; Sarma, Rudiren; Dorrell, David G.

KustantajaJohn Wiley & Sons

Julkaisuvuosi2025

JournalIET smart grid

Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimiIET Smart Grid

Artikkelin numeroe70006

Vuosikerta8

Numero1

eISSN2515-2947

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70006

Verkko-osoitehttps://doi.org/10.1049/stg2.70006

Rinnakkaistallenteen osoitehttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/491568780


Tiivistelmä
Eskom, South Africa's national power utility, is transitioning from centralised, large-scale electricity coal generation to a more distributed, small-scale inverter-based renewable generation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This shift poses operational challenges, particularly in maintaining power system frequency stability, which relies on real-time balancing of supply and demand. Traditionally, frequency stability has depended on accurate load forecasts, sufficient generation capacity, and energy reserves from large generators to handle disturbances. However, as the number of large generators decreases, energy reserves will also reduce, potentially compromising frequency stability. This paper introduces the concept of integrating small-scale distributed generators to enhance both primary and secondary frequency control. By actively monitoring and managing these inverter-based generators, while accounting for phase balancing and network congestion, the proposed system seeks to improve grid stability, minimise reliance on large generators, and mitigate the risk of secondary frequency drops within an unmanaged inverter-based network (i.e. the high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) may lead to inverter trips).

Ladattava julkaisu

This is an electronic reprint of the original article.
This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Please cite the original version.




Julkaisussa olevat rahoitustiedot
This study was supported and funded by the University of KwaZulu-Natal.


Last updated on 2025-23-04 at 12:56