A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Buried in water, burdened by nature – Resilience carried the Iron Age people through Fimbulvinter
Authors: Markku Oinonen, Teija Alenius, Laura Arppe, Hervé Bocherens, Heli Etu-Sihvola, Samuli Helama, Heli Huhtamaa, Maria Lahtinen, Kristiina Mannermaa, Päivi Onkamo, Jukka Palo, Antti Sajantila, Kati Salo, Tarja Sundell, Santeri Vanhanen, Anna Wessman
Publisher: PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
Publication year: 2020
Journal: PLoS ONE
Journal name in source: PLOS ONE
Journal acronym: PLOS ONE
Article number: ARTN e0231787
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Number of pages: 27
ISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231787
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/48046279
Levänluhta is a unique archaeological site with the remains of nearly a hundred Iron Age individuals found from a water burial in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The strongest climatic downturn of the Common Era, resembling the great Fimbulvinter in Norse mythology, hit these people during the 6th century AD. This study establishes chronological, dietary, and livelihood synthesis on this population based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic and radiocarbon analyses on human remains, supported by multidisciplinary evidence. Extraordinarily broad stable isotopic distribution is observed, indicating three subgroups with distinct dietary habits spanning four centuries. This emphasizes the versatile livelihoods practiced at this boundary of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. While the impact of the prolonged cold darkness of the 6th century was devastating for European communities relying on cultivation, the broad range of livelihoods provided resilience for the Levänluhta people to overcome the abrupt climatic decline.
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