A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
A Rapid Sequence of Solar Energetic Particle Events Associated with a Series of Extreme-ultraviolet Jets: Solar Orbiter, STEREO-A, and Near-Earth Spacecraft Observations
Authors: Lario, D.; Balmaceda, L. A.; Gómez-Herrero, R.; Mason, G. M.; Krupar, V.; Mac Cormack, C.; Kouloumvakos, A.; Cernuda, I.; Collier, H.; Richardson, I. G.; Kumar, P.; Krucker, S.; Carcaboso, F.; Wijsen, N.; Strauss, R. D.; Dresing, N.; Warmuth, A.; Rodríguez-Pacheco, J.; Rodríguez-García, L.; Jebaraj, I. C.; Ho, G. C.; Buĉík, R.; Pacheco, D.; Espinosa Lara, F.; Hutchinson, A.; Horbury, T. S.; Rodríguez, L.; Janitzek, N. P.; Zhukov, A. N.; Aran, A.; Nitta, N. V.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Publication year: 2024
Journal: Astrophysical Journal
Journal name in source: The Astrophysical Journal
Article number: 84
Volume: 975
ISSN: 0004-637X
eISSN: 1538-4357
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6c47
Web address : http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6c47
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/470870529
A series of solar energetic electron (SEE) events was observed from 2022 November 9 to November 15 by Solar Orbiter, STEREO-A, and near-Earth spacecraft. At least 32 SEE intensity enhancements at energies >10 keV were clearly distinguishable in Solar Orbiter particle data, with 13 of them occurring on November 11. Several of these events were accompanied by ≲10 MeV proton and ≲2 MeV nucleon−1 heavy-ion intensity enhancements. By combining remote-sensing and in situ data from the three viewpoints (Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A were ∼20° and ∼15° east of Earth, respectively), we determine that the origin of this rapid succession of events was a series of brightenings and jetlike eruptions detected in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations from the vicinity of two active regions. We find a close association between these EUV phenomena, the occurrence of hard X-ray flares, type III radio bursts, and the release of SEEs. For the most intense events, usually associated with extended EUV jets, the distance between the site of these solar eruptions and the estimated magnetic connectivity regions of each spacecraft with the Sun did not prevent the arrival of electrons at the three locations. The capability of jets to drive coronal fronts does not necessarily imply the observation of an SEE event. Two peculiar SEE events on November 9 and 14, observed only at electron energies ≲50 keV but rich in ≲1 MeV nucleon−1 heavy ions, originated from slow-rising confined EUV emissions, for which the process resulting in energetic particle release to interplanetary space is unclear.
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