A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Biophotonic composite scaffolds for controlled nitric oxide release upon NIR excitation
Authors: Ghanavati, S.; Magalhaes, E. Santos; Nguyen, C.; Bondzior, B.; Lastusaari, M.; Anker, J.N.; Draganski, A.; Petit, L.; Massera, J.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Publication year: 2024
Journal: Materials and Design
Journal name in source: Materials & Design
Article number: 113369
Volume: 247
ISSN: 0264-1275
eISSN: 1873-4197
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113369
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113369
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/459051865
For the first time, the preparation of 3D biophotonic scaffolds is reported. Scaffolds are prepared using the porogen burn-off technique and are capable of converting NIR to green emission, used to release nitric oxide from S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine. NIR to green conversion is obtained by mixing CaWO4 crystals (codoped with Yb3+ and Er3+) with bioactive borosilicate glass prior to the sintering process. The scaffold fabrication process has a detrimental impact on the upconversion properties of the crystals embedded in the porous scaffold due to the formation of internal/surface crystalline defects and surface chemical bonds in the crystals. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that the brightness of the green emission, under 980 nm pumping, is sufficient to release nitric oxide from the scaffold covered with S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine. Addition of upconverter crystals, in the bioactive scaffold, has no impact on porosity, mechanical properties, reactivity in simulated body fluid nor cytocompatibility. The progressive dissolution of the scaffold, associated with the precipitation of a reactive layer (HA), has no noticeable influence on the green emission under 980 nm pumping, showing that the development of such biophotonic scaffolds opens the path to light actuated drug release in a spatial–temporal manner, in vivo. Degradation of the up-converter particles does not lead to differences in cells viability.
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Funding information in the publication:
This work was supported by Academy of Finland [Flagship Programme, Photonics Rese arch and Innovation PREIN-320165] and Academy Projects -328077 and 331924. The graphical abstract was produced using Biorender.com.