Diagnosis and management of diseases have always been challenging in the healthcare system. Infections and illnesses can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life, and numerous morbidities and mortalities are due to diagnostic issues. The sooner these conditions could be detected, the better the provided prognosis and management could be. To achieve this, biomarkers (biological molecules that increase in concentration in the case of an illness) show great potential in early diagnosis.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are specifically designed polymers with selective binding sites similar to a target molecule. These polymers could be used as artificial antibodies to detect or quantify biomarkers from biological fluids. Their low-cost fabrication, long shelf-life, and integration with electrochemical sensors could provide the applicant with a precise, selective, cheap, rapid, user-friendly, reliable, and sensitive tool. Additionally, they provide an ethical alternative to harvesting antigens from living cells.

This chapter explores the most recent studies on the application of MIP-based electrochemical sensors in detecting and quantifying various biomarkers. These applications enable the identification and evaluation of diseases, such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases.