A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
System-Level Dynamic Model of Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) for Energy Losses Analysis
Authors: Anyanwu, Ikechukwu S.; Buzzi, Fulvio; Peljo, Pekka; Bischi, Aldo; Bertei, Antonio
Publisher: MDPI AG
Publication year: 2024
Journal: Energies
Journal name in source: Energies
Article number: 5324
Volume: 17
Issue: 21
eISSN: 1996-1073
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215324
Web address : https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215324
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/458940457
This paper presents a zero-dimensional dynamic model of redox flow batteries (RFBs) for the system-level analysis of energy loss. The model is used to simulate multi-cell systems considering the effect of design and operational parameters on energy loss and overall performance. The effect and contribution of stack losses (e.g., overpotential and crossover losses) and system losses (e.g., shunt currents and pumps) to total energy loss are examined. The model is tested by using literature data from a vanadium RFB energy storage. The results show that four parameters mainly affect RFB system performance: manifold diameter, stack current, cell standard potential, and internal resistance. A reduction in manifold diameter from 60 mm to 20 mm reduced shunt current loss by a factor of four without significantly increasing pumping loss, thus boosting round-trip efficiency (RTE) by 10%. The increase in stack current at a low flow rate increases power, while the cell standard potential and internal resistance play a crucial role in influencing both power and energy output. In summary, the modeling activities enabled the understanding of critical aspects of RFB systems, thereby serving as tools for system design and operation awareness.
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Funding information in the publication:
This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No 875565 (CompBat: Computer-aided design for next-generation flow batteries. Project website: https://compbat.aalto.fi/, accessed on 1 August 2024). The content in this document represents the views of the authors, and the European Commission has no liability with respect to the content. The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU—National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)—MISSION 4 COMPONENT 2, INVESTMENT N. 1.3—CUP N. I53C22001450006, within the project Network 4 Energy Sustainable Transition (NEST). This manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions; neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them.
