A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora
Authors: Luize Bruno Garcia; Tuomisto Hanna; Ekelschot Robin; Dexter Kyle G.; Amaral Iêda L. do; Coelho Luiz de Souza; Matos Francisca Dionízia de Almeida; Lima Filho Diógenes de Andrade; Salomão Rafael P.; Wittmann Florian; Castilho Carolina V.; Carim Marcelo de Jesus Veiga; Guevara Juan Ernesto; Phillips Oliver L.; Magnusson William E.; Sabatier Daniel; Cardenas Revilla Juan David; Molino Jean-François; Irume Mariana Victória; Martins Maria Pires; Guimarães José Renan da Silva; Ramos José Ferreira; Bánki Olaf S.; Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez; Cárdenas López Dairon; Pitman Nigel C. A.; Demarchi Layon O.; Schöngart Jochen; de Leão Novo Evlyn Márcia Moraes; Núñez Vargas Percy; Silva Thiago Sanna Freire; Venticinque Eduardo Martins; Manzatto Angelo Gilberto; Reis Neidiane Farias Costa; Terborgh John; Casula Katia Regina; Honorio Coronado Euridice N.; Mendoza Abel Monteagudo; Montero Juan Carlos; Costa Flávia R. C.; Feldpausch Ted R.; Quaresma Adriano Costa; Castaño Arboleda Nicolás; Zartman Charles Eugene; Killeen Timothy J.; Marimon Beatriz S.; Marimon Ben Hur; Vasquez Rodolfo; Mostacedo Bonifacio; Assis Rafael L.; Baraloto Chris; do Amaral Dário Dantas; Engel Julien; Petronelli Pascal; Castellanos Hernán; de Medeiros Marcelo Brilhante; Simon Marcelo Fragomeni; Andrade Ana; Camargo José Luís; Laurance William F.; Laurance Susan G. W.; Rincón Lorena Maniguaje; Schietti Juliana; Sousa Thaiane R.; Mori Gisele Biem; Farias Emanuelle de Sousa; Lopes Maria Aparecida; Magalhães José Leonardo Lima; Nascimento Henrique Eduardo Mendonça; de Queiroz Helder Lima; Vasconcelos Caroline C.; Aymard C Gerardo A.; Brienen Roel; Stevenson Pablo R.; Araujo-Murakami Alejandro; Cintra Bruno Barçante Ladvocat; Baker Tim R.; Feitosa Yuri Oliveira; Mogollón Hugo F.; Duivenvoorden Joost F.; Peres Carlos A.; Silman Miles R.; Ferreira Leandro Valle; Lozada José Rafael; Comiskey James A.; de Toledo José Julio; Damasco Gabriel; Dávila Nállarett; Draper Freddie C.; García-Villacorta Roosevelt; Lopes Aline; Vicentini Alberto; Valverde Fernando Cornejo; Alonso Alfonso; Arroyo Luzmila; Dallmeier Francisco; Gomes Vitor H. F.; Jimenez Eliana M.; Neill David; Peñuela Mora Maria Cristina; Noronha Janaína Costa; de Aguiar Daniel P. P.; Barbosa Flávia Rodrigues; Bredin Yennie K.; Carpanedo Rainiellen de Sá; Carvalho Fernanda Antunes; Souza Fernanda Coelho de; Feeley Kenneth J.; Gribel Rogerio; Haugaasen Torbjørn; Hawes Joseph E.; Pansonato Marcelo Petratti; Pipoly John J.; Paredes Marcos Ríos; Rodrigues Domingos de Jesus; Barlow Jos; Berenguer Erika; da Silva Izaias Brasil; Ferreira Maria Julia; Ferreira Joice; Fine Paul V. A.; Guedes Marcelino Carneiro; Levis Carolina; Licona Juan Carlos; Villa Zegarra Boris Eduardo; Vos Vincent Antoine; Cerón Carlos; Durgante Flávia Machado; Fonty Émile; Henkel Terry W.; Householder John Ethan; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco Isau; Silveira Marcos; Stropp Juliana; Thomas Raquel; Daly Doug; Milliken William; Molina Guido Pardo; Pennington Toby; Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães; Albuquerque Bianca Weiss; Campelo Wegliane; Fuentes Alfredo; Klitgaard Bente; Pena José Luis Marcelo; Tello J. Sebastián; Vriesendorp Corine; Chave Jerome; Di Fiore Anthony; Hilário Renato Richard; Pereira Luciana de Oliveira; Phillips Juan Fernando; Rivas-Torres Gonzalo; van Andel Tinde R.; von Hildebrand Patricio; Balee William; Barbosa Edelcilio Marques; Bonates Luiz Carlos de Matos; Dávila Doza Hilda Paulette; Zárate Gómez Ricardo; Gonzales Therany; Gallardo Gonzales George Pepe; Hoffman Bruce; Junqueira André Braga; Malhi Yadvinder; Miranda Ires Paula de Andrade; Pinto Linder Felipe Mozombite; Prieto Adriana; Rudas Agustín; Ruschel Ademir R.; Silva Natalino; Vela César I. A.; Zent Stanford; Zent Egleé L.; Endara María José; Cano Angela; Carrero Márquez Yrma Andreina; Correa Diego F.; Costa Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa; Monteiro Flores Bernardo; Galbraith David; Holmgren Milena; Kalamandeen Michelle; Lobo Guilherme; Torres Montenegro Luis; Nascimento Marcelo Trindade; Oliveira Alexandre A.; Pombo Maihyra Marina; Ramirez-Angulo Hirma; Rocha Maira; Scudeller Veridiana Vizoni; Umaña Maria Natalia; van der Heijden Geertje; Vilanova Torre Emilio; Vargas Tony Mori; Ahuite Reategui Manuel Augusto; Baider Cláudia; Balslev Henrik; Cárdenas Sasha; Casas Luisa Fernanda; Farfan-Rios William; Ferreira Cid; Linares-Palomino Reynaldo; Mendoza Casimiro; Mesones Italo; Parada Germaine Alexander; Torres-Lezama Armando; Urrego Giraldo Ligia Estela; Villarroel Daniel; Zagt Roderick; Alexiades Miguel N.; de Oliveira Edmar Almeida; Fortier Riley P.; Garcia-Cabrera Karina; Hernandez Lionel; Palacios Cuenca Walter; Pansini Susamar; Pauletto Daniela; Ramirez Arevalo Freddy; Sampaio Adeilza Felipe; Valderrama Sandoval Elvis H.; Valenzuela Gamarra Luis; Hirota Marina; Palma-Silva Clarisse; ter Steege Hans
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication year: 2024
Journal: Communications Biology
Journal name in source: Communications Biology
Article number: 1240
Volume: 7
eISSN: 2399-3642
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06937-5(external)
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06937-5(external)
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/458440144(external)
We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central-eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia.
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Funding information in the publication:
This paper is the result of the work of hundreds of different scientists and research institutions in the Amazon over the past 80 years. Without their hard work this analysis would have been impossible. We thank Charles Zartman for the use of plots from Jutai. BGL (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-8386) acknowledge grants #2015/24554–0, #2019/24823-2, #2020/03379-4, and #2021/11670-3, #2021/10639-5 São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). Ht.S., V.F.G. and R.S. were supported by grant 407232/2013-3 - PVE - MEC/MCTI/CAPES/CNPq/FAPs; P.I.P. had support for this work from CNPq (productivity grant 310885/2017-5) and FAPESP (research grant #09/53413-5); C.B. was supported by grant FAPESP 95/3058-0 - CRS 068/96 WWF Brasil - The Body Shop; D.S., J.F.M., J.E., P.P. and J.C. benefited from an “Investissement d’Avenir” grant managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01); HLQ/MAP/JLLM received financial supported by MCT/CNPq/CT-INFRA/GEOMA #550373/2010-1 and # 457515/2012-0, and JLLM were supported by grant CAPES/PDSE # 88881.135761/2016-01 and CAPES/Fapespa #1530801; The Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) provided a productivity grant to EMV (Grant 308040/2017-1); Floristic identification in plots in the RAINFOR forest monitoring network has been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grants NE/B503384/1, NE/ D01025X/1, NE/I02982X/1, NE/F005806/1, NE/D005590/1 and NE/I028122/1) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; BMF is funded by FAPESP grant 2016/25086-3. BSM, BHMJ and OLP were supported by grants CNPq/CAPES/FAPS/BC-Newton Fund #441244/2016-5 and FAPEMAT/0589267/2016; T.W.H. was funded by National Science Foundation grant DEB-1556338; H.T. acknowledges grant DNRF179. W.E.M.: plots in the PPBio system were financed by the INCT for Amazonian Biodiversity (CENBAM); the Program for Biodiversity Research in Western Amazonia (PPBio-AmOc) and a Productivity Grant (PQ - 301873/2016-0). Finally, we thank four reviewers for their questions and comments, which have greatly improved the manuscript.
