A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Carbon neutral higher education institutions: a reality check, challenges and solutions




AuthorsAhonen, Veronica Lucia; Woszczek, Aleksandra; Baumeister, Stefan; Helimo, Ulla T.; Jackson, Anne Kristiina; Kopsakangas-Savolainen, Maria; Kaaria, Juha; Lehtonen, Tommi; Luoranen, Mika; Pongracz, Eva; Soukka, Risto; Vainio, Veera; El Geneidy, Sami

PublisherEMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD

Publishing placeLeeds

Publication year2024

JournalInternational Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education

Journal name in sourceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Journal acronymINT J SUST HIGHER ED

Volume25

Issue9

First page 293

Last page315

Number of pages23

ISSN1467-6370

eISSN1758-6739

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-11-2023-0515

Web address https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-11-2023-0515

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/457614456


Abstract

Purpose

Calculating an organization's carbon footprint is crucial for assessing and implementing emission reductions. Although Finnish higher education institutions (HEIs) aim for carbon neutrality by 2030, limited research exists on plans to reach a similar target in any country. This paper aims to address the shared and individual challenges Finnish HEIs have with carbon footprint calculations, reductions, resources and offsetting.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was targeted to sustainability experts in all 38 HEIs in Finland to identify key patterns and trends in the focus fields of the study. SWOT analysis was used to classify main strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats, based on which a series of policy recommendations was drafted.

Findings

Finnish HEIs are committed to carbon footprint tracking (97%, annually by 87%). The lack of standardization and the number of external stakeholders complicate accounting indirect emissions, impeding comparability and reliability. Only 39% had set separate emission reduction targets, suggesting a preference for carbon footprint over other environmental impact indicators. Insufficient monetary and human resources emerged in 23% of institutions, especially those smaller in size. Only 52% had clear offsetting plans, with shared concerns over trust and responsibility.

Originality/value

By including both research universities and universities of applied sciences, the findings provide an unprecedented outlook into the entire Finnish HEI sector. The policy recommendations guide HEIs both locally and globally on how to improve their transparency and scientific integrity, reflect on core successes and weaknesses and how they complete their objectives of education, research and social impact while promoting stronger sustainability.


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Last updated on 2025-27-01 at 19:45