Background and purpose: The aim of our study was to assess the regional variations in Achilles tendon rupture incidence and treatment methods in Finland during the period 1997-2019.

Methods: The Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register (NHDR) and the Finnish Register of Primary Health Care Visits (PHCR) were searched to identify all adult patients diagnosed with Achilles tendon rupture during our study period. The population-based annual incidence and incidences of surgically and non-surgically treated Achilles tendon ruptures were calculated for each hospital district.

Results: Achilles tendon rupture incidence increased from 17.3 per 105 person-years in 1997 to 32.3 per 105 in 2019. The mean incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures ranged from 26.4 per 105 (North Savo) to 37.2 per 105 (Central Ostrobothnia). The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures increased in all areas. The proportion of non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures ranged in 1997 from 7% (Vaasa) to 67% (Åland) and in 2019 from 73% (Southwest Finland) to 100% (East Savo, Kainuu, Länsi-Pohja, Åland). During the study period, a shift towards non-surgical treatment was evident in all hospital districts.

Conclusion: Regional variations in Achilles tendon rupture incidence exist in Finland; however, the incidence increased in all areas during the follow-up period. More Achilles tendon rupture patients are currently being treated non-surgically throughout the country.