A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring schizophrenia
Authors: Sourander, Andre; Upadhyaya, Subina; Surcel, Heljä-Marja; Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, Susanna; Cheslack-Postava, Keely; Silwal, Sanju; McKeague, Ian W.; Brown, Alan S.
Publisher: Elsevier
Publication year: 2024
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Journal name in source: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 270
First page : 289
Last page: 294
ISSN: 0920-9964
eISSN: 1573-2509
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.039
Web address : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.039
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/457114309
Background Findings from previous studies on maternal 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy and offspring schizophrenia are limited and inconsistent. Methods We used nationwide population-based register data with a nested case-control design to examine the association between maternal 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy and offspring schizophrenia. The cases of schizophrenia (n = 1145) were born from 1987 to 1997, and received a diagnosis of schizophrenia by 2017, and were matched with equal number of controls. A quantitative immunoassay was used to measure maternal 25(OH)D in archived maternal serum in the national biobank of the Finnish Maternity Cohort, collected during the first and early second trimesters. Conditional logistic regression models examined the association between maternal 25(OH)D levels and offspring schizophrenia. Results No significant association was found between log-transformed maternal 25(OH)D levels and schizophrenia in unadjusted (OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.78–1.17, p = 0.69) or adjusted analyses (aOR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.79–1.22, p = 0.89). Analyses by quintiles also revealed no association between the lowest quintile of maternal 25(OH)D levels and schizophrenia (OR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.81–1.45, p = 0.55; aOR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.78–1.45, p = 0.71). Maternal 25(OH)D levels, measured in categories, either in deficient category (OR 1.07 (0.85–1.35), p = 0.52; aOR 1.05 (0.81–1.34), p = 0.88) or insufficient category (OR 1.13, 95 % CI 0.92–1.40, p = 0.23; aOR 1.13, 95 % CI 0.90–1.41, p = 0.27) were also not associated with offspring schizophrenia. Conclusions Maternal vitamin D levels in early pregnancy were not associated with offspring schizophrenia. Future studies measuring vitamin D during different stages of gestation are needed to draw firm conclusions.
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Funding information in the publication:
Research reported in this publication was supported by: The Academy of Finland Flagship Programme, decision number: 320162, the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland, decision number: 303581, the Academy of Finland Health from Cohorts and Biobanks Programme, decision number: 308552, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01ES028125. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding parties. This research was supported by the INVEST Research Flagship, APEX Research Consortium and PSYCOHORTS consortium. They had no role in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the article for publication.
