The consumption of coffee varies a lot nationally. One might search reasons
for the differences from latitude, climate, culture, history, living standards,
habits of everyday life and technology. Presumably, there is no single factor
explaining these discrepancies. 
Generally, the Nordic countries are among the biggest consumers of
coffee per capita. Perhaps in those countries, there are reasons which
encourage drinking coffee.   In 2017, an
average Finn consumed 9.9 kg coffee per year. To put it in relative terms, an
ordinary Finn drank 1,400 cups annually – that is three or five cups per day.
Consequently, the Finns drink coffee more than any other nationality. The
Norwegians, Swedes and Danes are near the top, as well.

In the Nordic countries, cold climate, short daylight and long darkness
in wintertime can be depressing, and people regard coffee as an invigorating
and warming stimulant. In the 19^th and 20^th centuries,
stoves and ovens were in winters heated several times a day. As a result,
energy was frequently available for roasting coffee beans and brewing coffee.
Especially in the countryside, firewoods were cheap. Moreover, these countries
were sparsely populated, the industrialization of roasting and grounding of
coffee started late, as well as coffee houses and restaurants were scarce.
These factors encouraged roasting, grinding and brewing manually in households.
Still nowadays, in these countries, most of the coffee is drunken at home.

Drinking coffee became in a social habit and developed into a particular
social culture, which was assimilated in national social institutions. Finland
is the only country in the world that has nationwide, established coffee breaks
in workplaces. According to the mutual agree­ments between the employers’ and
employees’ unions, there must be two coffee breaks for employees on each workday
of six hours or more.  As a result, the
bunch of coffee drinking workmates is the core of social fabrics in Finnish
working places.  

In Finland, neither the industrialization of roasting and grinding
coffee nor electric coffee­makers have disturbed the position of coffee
culture. The Finns tend to choose coffeemakers by which they can brew large
quantities of coffee at the same time. 
Therefore, filtered coffee is prevalent in these countries.

The paper claims that technology has not been the dominating factor in
the development of the Finnish coffee culture. However, technology has facilitated
changing trends in con­sumption habits. The adaptation of coffee making
technology has made possible the develop­ment of the Finnish coffee culture and
kept the consumption of coffee on the highest level in the world for decades.