A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Staging of Schizophrenia with the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study
Authors: Konstantinos N Fountoulakis, Elena Dragioti, Antonis T Theofilidis, Tobias Wikilund, Xenofon Atmatzidis, Ioannis Nimatoudis, Erik Thys, Martien Wampers, Luchezar Hranov, Trayana Hristova, Daniil Aptalidis, Roumen Milev, Felicia Iftene, Filip Spaniel, Pavel Knytl, Petra Furstova, Tiina From, Henry Karlsson, Maija Walta, Raimo K R Salokangas, Jean-Michel Azorin, Justine Bouniard, Julie Montant, Georg Juckel, Ida S Haussleiter, Athanasios Douzenis, Ioannis Michopoulos, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Leonidas Mantonakis, Zsófia Nemes, Xenia Gonda, Dora Vajda, Anita Juhasz, Amresh Shrivastava, John Waddington, Maurizio Pompili, Anna Comparelli, Valentina Corigliano, Elmars Rancans, Alvydas Navickas, Jan Hilbig, Laurynas Bukelskis, Lidija Injac Stevovic, Sanja Vodopic, Oluyomi Esan, Oluremi Oladele, Christopher Osunbote, Janusz Κ Rybakowski, Pawel Wojciak, Klaudia Domowicz, Maria Luisa Figueira, Ludgero Linhares, Joana Crawford, Anca-Livia Panfil, Daria Smirnova, Olga Izmailova, Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, Henk Temmingh, Fleur Howells, Julio Bobes, Maria Paz Garcia-Portilla, Leticia García-Alvarez, Gamze Erzin, Hasan Karadağ, Avinash De Sousa, Anuja Bendre, Cyril Hoschl, Cristina Bredicean, Ion Papava, Olivera Vukovic, Bojana Pejuskovic, Vincent Russell, Loukas Athanasiadis, Anastasia Konsta, Dan Stein, Michael Berk, Olivia Dean, Rajiv Tandon, Siegfried Kasper, Marc De Hert
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication year: 2019
Journal: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Journal name in source: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 22
Issue: 11
First page : 681
Last page: 697
Number of pages: 17
ISSN: 1461-1457
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz053
Web address : https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/22/11/681/5576002
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/44952062
Introduction: A specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method.
Methods: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed.
Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients.
Discussion: This study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.
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