A rapid transition from a clinical‐based classification to a pathology‐based classification of neurodegenerative conditions, largely promoted by the increasing availability of imaging biomarkers, is emerging. The Framework for Innovative Multi‐tracer molecular Brain Imaging, funded by the EU Joint Program ‐ Neurodegenerative Disease Research 2016 “Working Groups for Harmonisation and Alignment in Brain Imaging Methods for Neurodegeneration,” aimed at providing a roadmap for the applications of established and new molecular imaging techniques in dementia.

We consider current and future implications of adopting a pathology‐based framework for the use and development of positron emission tomography techniques.

This approach will enhance efforts to understand the multifactorial etiology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

The availability of pathology biomarkers will soon transform clinical and research practice. Crucially, a comprehensive understanding of strengths and caveats of these techniques will promote an informed use to take full advantage of these tools.